| Treatment (Observation versus bracing or surgery) | Treatment (Observation versus bracing) |  | ||||
% in any problems | Observation (n = 139) | Bracing/Surgery (n = 88) | P-value* | Observation (n = 139) | Bracing (n = 67) | P-value* |  |
Mobility | 0.7Â % | 15.9Â % | <0.001 | 0.7Â % | 14.9Â % | <0.001 | Â |
Self-care | 0.0Â % | 10.2Â % | <0.001 | 0.0Â % | 10.4Â % | <0.001 | Â |
Usual activities | 1.4Â % | 34.1Â % | <0.001 | 1.4Â % | 34.3Â % | <0.001 | Â |
Pain/discomfort | 20.1Â % | 45.5Â % | <0.001 | 20.1Â % | 41.8Â % | 0.001 | Â |
Depression/anxiety | 18.0Â % | 25.0Â % | 0.204 | 18.0Â % | 26.9Â % | 0.142 | Â |
 | Treatment (Bracing versus Surgery) | Duration of Bracing |  | ||||
% in any problems | Bracing (n = 67) | Surgery (n = 21) | P-value* | <1 year (n = 34) | ≥1 year (n = 20) | P-value* |  |
Mobility | 14.9Â % | 19.0Â % | 0.652 | 30.0Â % | 11.8Â % | 0.096 | Â |
Self-care | 10.4Â % | 9.5Â % | 0.903 | 25.0Â % | 5.9Â % | 0.043 | Â |
Usual activities | 34.3Â % | 33.3Â % | 0.933 | 60.0Â % | 29.4Â % | 0.027 | Â |
Pain/discomfort | 41.8Â % | 57.1Â % | 0.218 | 70.0Â % | 35.3Â % | 0.014 | Â |
Depression/anxiety | 26.9Â % | 19.0Â % | 0.470 | 35.0Â % | 23.5Â % | 0.363 | Â |
 | Cobb angle (mild or moderate versus severe) | Modified Lenke Classification | |||||
% in any problems | ≤40° (n = 205) | >40° (n = 20) | P-value* | Thoracic curve (n = 86) | Lumbar curve (n = 38) | Thoracic & Lumbar curve (n = 103) | P-value* |
Mobility | 6.3Â % | 9.1Â % | 0.622 | 10.5Â % | 2.6Â % | 4.9Â % | 0.169 |
Self-care | 4.4Â % | 0.0Â % | 0.316 | 3.5Â % | 5.3Â % | 3.9Â % | 0.895 |
Usual activities | 13.7Â % | 18.2Â % | 0.562 | 18.6Â % | 10.5Â % | 11.7Â % | 0.308 |
Pain/discomfort | 29.3Â % | 36.4Â % | 0.490 | 32.6Â % | 36.8Â % | 25.2Â % | 0.328 |
Depression/anxiety | 19.5Â % | 31.8Â % | 0.176 | 23.3Â % | 26.3Â % | 16.5Â % | 0.337 |