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Table 3 Mean (standard deviation) values at baseline (top) and change at 6 weeks (bottom) for sagittal alignment according to responder group

From: Change of sagittal spinal alignment and its association with pain and function after lumbar surgery augmented with an interspinous implant

Case Numbers

Total

Moderate

Minimal

Non

Back Pain

40

17

6

17

Leg Pain

35

13

6

16

Function

40

10

8

22

Baseline

 LL (°)

Back

50.9 (13.6)

54.6 (14.8)

55.2 (10.3)

Leg

54.2 (14.3)

46.7 (11.5)

54.5 (11.1)

Function

47.9 (14.6)

56.2 (7.4)

54.8 (11.9)

 SI (°)

Back

36.1 (8.4)

36.2 (6.9)

36.7 (6.7)

Leg

37.1 (8.1)

33.8 (4.4)

36.6 (7.6)

Function

35.4 (8.5)

33.9 (9.1)

37.3 (6.6)

 PDA (°)

Back

8.0 (5.1)

10.8 (4.4)

9.9 (6.6)

Leg

7.4 (5.8)

9.8 (5.1)

10.2 (5.8)

Function

7.7 (5.3)

7.0 (5.8)

10.3 (5.8)

 SDA (°)

Back

9.3 (5.5)

13.4 (2.4)

9.3 (4.6)

Leg

10.8 (4.6)

7.0 (6.6)

10.3 (4.5)

Function

9.6 (4.7)

10.2 (3.5)

10.0 (5.4)

 RSB (Rmm)

Back

17.2 (43.3)

2.3 (45.7)

−4.8 (27.1)

Leg

10.6 (38.3)

17.3 (43.2)

−0.8 (37.0)

Function

26.7 (42.3)

−3.4 (48.1)

−1.0 (32.3)

6 weeks – Baseline

 LL (°)

Back

2.6 (11.9)

−1.9 (5.9)

−1.8 (6.5)

Leg

3.3 (13.2)

−0.7 (3.9)

−1.7 (6.6)

Function

5.4 (15.2)

−0.2 (3.3)

−2.0 (5.6)

 SI (°)

Back

−0.9 (5.4)

1.6 (3.1)

1.5 (4.2)

Leg

−1.6 (4.4)

1.1 (3.4)

1.6 (4.9)

Function

−0.9 (5.1)

−0.8 (4.3)

1.3 (4.5)

 PDA (°)

Back

−0.7 (4.4)

−1.9 (3.5)

−3.8 (3.2)

Leg

−1.2 (4.4)

−1.7 (2.2)

−3.0 (4.1)

Function

−0.9 (4.7)

1.8 (3.8)

−3.6 (3.1)

 SDA (°)

Back

0.1 (4.7)

−2.3 (2.2)

0.3 (4.4)

Leg

1.1 (4.5)

1.0 (4.2)

−0.7 (4.4)

Function

1.2 (4.7)

−1.3 (4.3)

−0.5 (4.2)

 RSB (Rmm)

Back

1.6 (26.2)

−0.3 (13.3)

11.5 (15.2)

Leg

0.2 (28.7)

−3.1 (9.1)

11.2 (15.5)

Function

−6.2 (31.7)

3.7 (5.9)

10.6 (15.0)

  1. Moderate = responders improving more than 30% in one or more variable; Minimal = responders improving 20–29% for pain and 15–29% for function; Non non-responders with less than minimal improvement (or actual deterioration), LL lumbar lordosis, SI sacral inclination, PDA primary disc angle, SDA supradjacent disc angle, and RSB regional sagittal balance, Rmm system relative metric for RSB. Significant differences are indicated in bold (p < 0.05)