Table 1 Demographic, radiology, and clinical evaluation at baseline according to surgical and non-surgical management

Number of patients

29

14 (48%)

15 (52%)

Female:Male

22:7

11:3

11:4

Age at baseline, mean ± SD, (years)

65.2 ± 8.2

67.0 ± 8.8

63.5 ± 7.5

BMI, mean ± SD, (kg/m²)

24.7 ± 3.8

24.3 ± 5.6

24.9 ± 3.2

Coronal Cobb angle, median [IQR], (°)

19.0 [16.0–25.5]

21.0 [16.0–30.0]

18.0 [16.0–22.0]

Follow-up time, mean ± SD, (years)

10.9 ± 1.9

10.3 ± 1.5

10.5 ± 1.4

 L1

2

2

0

 L2

12

5

7

 L3

12

6

6

 L4

3

1

2

 Right sided

14

10

4

 Left sided

15

4

11

Back pain, n (%)

29 (100%)

14 (100%)

15 (100%)

Radicular leg pain, n (%)

24 (83%)

11 (79%)

13 (87%)

 Right

11

7

4

 Left

5

1

4

 Left and right

8

3

5

 Not present

5

3

2

Neurological symptoms^†, n (%)

4 (14%)

1 (7%)

3 (20%)

Muscle weakness in the legs, n (%)

10 (34%)

6 (43%)

4 (27%)

 Right

4

2

2

 Left

3

2

1

 Left and right

3

2

1

 Not present

11

7

4

 Data not available

8

1

7

Numbness in the legs, n (%)

3 (10%)

2 (14%)

1 (7%)

 Yes

3

2

1

 Not present

14

10

4

 Data not available

12

2

10