Table 4 Functional characteristics of muscles in the kyphotic posture
From: Non-structural misalignments of body posture in the sagittal plane
Muscle | Lengthened | Shortened | Hypoactive | Hyperactive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Erector spinae (thoracic part) | + | + | ||
Rhomboideus major and minor | + | + | ||
Serratus anterior | + | + | ||
Trapezius (middle and lower parts) | + | + | ||
Latissimus dorsi (medial part) | + | + | ||
Suboccipital | + | + | ||
Sternocleidomastoid | + | + | ||
Scaleni | + | + | ||
Latissimus dorsi (area of insertion) | + | + | ||
Trapezius (superior part) | + | + | ||
Pectoralis minor and major | + | + | ||
Rectus abdominis | + | + | ||
Abdominal internal oblique (anterior part) | + | + | ||
Abdominal internal oblique (posterior part) | + | + | ||
Abdominal external oblique | + | + |