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Table 6 Functional characteristics of muscles in the flat-back posture

From: Non-structural misalignments of body posture in the sagittal plane

Muscle

Lengthened

Shortened

Hypoactive

Hyperactive

Erector spinae part thoracic (upper part)

+

  

+

Erector spinae (lumbar part)

+

 

+

 

Iliacus

+

 

+

 

Psoas

+

  

+

Two-joint hip flexors

+

  

+

Suboccipital

 

+

 

+

Sternocleidomastoid

 

+

 

+

Scaleni

 

+

 

+

Erector spinae part thoracic (lower part)

 

+

 

+

Gluteus maximus

 

+

+

 

Hamstrings

 

+

 

+

  1. Note: the symbol “+” means that the muscle meets a certain criteria