Postoperative pain management in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a narrative review

Table 4 Regimens for continuous ketamine infusion reported in the literature

First author Journal Year Type of study Total sample size	Loading dose	Intraoperative infusion	Postoperative infusion
Engelhardt [30] Anaesth Analg 2008 RCT 34	0.5 mg/kg (no description regarding the time of bolus administration)	4 μg/kg/min started after bolus dose and discontinued after surgery at the time of tracheal extubation	None
Pestieau [28] Paediatr Anaesth 2014 RCT 50	0.5 mg/kg immediately after the patient was positioned prone	0.25 mg/kg/h	0.1 mg/kg/h infused for 72 h
Minoshima [54] Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015 RCT 36	0.5 mg/kg after tracheal intubation	2 μg/kg/min started after loading dose	2 μg/kg/min for 48 h
Perello [27] Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017 RCT 44	0.5 mg/kg at induction of anesthesia	2 μg/kg/min	2 μg/kg/min for 72 h

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