Figure 2

Diagram summarizing the study of Godfrey et al.[170] who state that genome-wide association studies showed fixed genetic variation makes little contribution to the risk of obesity, heart disease, or diabetes. Godfrey et al. conclude that their findings “…raise the possibility that the developmental environment component may be equally or more important.” We suggest that after consideration of the selection of appropriate candidate genes, umbilical cords may be stored and the children later evaluated for trunk deformity of both AIS and normal trunk asymmetry [96, 106, 107].