Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the entire sample and the identified sub-groups.
Sub-groups | Abbreviation | Number | F/M | Age | BMI | °Cobb | AI | ATR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total braced | 46 | 43/1 | 12.8 ± 1.5 | 18.7 ± 2.6 | 30.4 ± 4.4 | 3.4 (0-6) | 7.8 ± 4.1 | ||
Exercises | 2 | 1/1 | 11.6 ± 1.9 | 26.7* | 26.0 ± 1.1 | 3* | 4.5* | ||
Curvature type | Thoracic | TH | 13 | 12/1 | 13.2 ± 1.9 | 19.2 ± 1.4 | 31.8 ± 4.3 | 4.2 (2-6) | 8.3 ± 4.1 |
Thoracolumbar | TL | 5 | 5/0 | 12.3 ± 1.3 | 18.3 ± 1.8 | 33.4 ± 4.8 | 3.0 (2-4) | 11.2 ± 2.5 | |
Lumbar | LU | 16 | 15/1 | 13.0 ± 1.5 | 18.2 ± 2.4 | 29.6 ± 4.3 | 2.5 (0-4) | 5.9 ± 3.5 | |
Double major | DM | 13 | 11/1 | 12.5 ± 1.4 | 19.6 ± 5 | 28.7 ± 3.9 | 4.0 (2-6) | 8.4 ± 4.9 | |
P | NS | NS | NS | TL>DM | T>TL DM>L | TL>L | |||
Magnitude of curvature | 25-30 | S | 24 | 23/1 | 12.5 ± 1.4 | 18.7 ± 3.1 | 27.0 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 4.5 |
31-35 | M | 15 | 13/2 | 13.0 ± 1.6 | 18.8 ± 1.3 | 33.0 ± 2.5 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 3.7 | |
36-40 | L | 7 | 7/0 | 13.7 ± 2.0 | 18.5 ± 2.4 | 37.7 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 8.7 ± 3.4 | |
P | NS | NS | NS | - | NS | NS | |||
Skeletal maturity | Risser 0 | R0 | 28 | 27/2 | 12.4 ± 1.5 | 17.9 ± 2.3 | 29.4 ± 4.2 | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 7.7 ± 4.1 |
Risser 1 | R1 | 6 | 6/1 | 12.4 ± 1.2 | 20.6 ± 3.7 | 33.3 ± 4.0 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 10.1 ± 4.1 | |
Risser 2 | R2 | 12 | 11/1 | 14.1 ± 1.5 | 18.8 ± 1.3 | 31.3 ± 4.5 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 4.1 | |
P | NS | R2>R0 R2>R1 | NS | R1>R0 | NS | NS | |||
Treatment | Risser cast | RC | 2 | 2/0 | 11.4 ± 0.1 | - | 29.5 ± 6.4 | 6* | 5* |
Brace 23 hours/day | B23 | 14 | 13/1 | 13.2 ± 1.7 | 18.3 ± 2.4 | 34.5 ± 3.9 | 3.8 ± 1.4 | 9.8 ± 4.4 | |
Brace 21 hours/day | B21 | 23 | 22/1 | 13.0 ± 1.5 | 18.5 ± 1.9 | 28.2 ± 3.3 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 3.9 | |
Brace 18 hours/day | B18 | 7 | 6/1 | 12.4 ± 1.8 | 17.8 ± 0.9 | 31.1 ± 2.7 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | |
P | NS | NS | NS | C23>C21 C18>C21 | NS | C23>C21 |