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First rib asymmetry and shoulder imbalance – assessment of first rib index (FRI) in thoracic X-rays of people without scoliosis
Scoliosis volume 4, Article number: O10 (2009)
Background
In a previous study we evaluated the predictive value of First Rib Asymmetry (First Rib Index (FRI)) as related to postoperative Shoulder Height Imbalance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.
Objective
The present study evaluates a) if shoulder height differences exist in normal people, without scoliosis and b) if such differences are related to First Rib Asymmetry (FRI).
Materials and methods
We studied 73 posteroanterior routine thoracic X-rays in patients with no signs of scoliosis. The difference in shoulder height is measured as the perpendicular distance from the upper surface of the acromial end of the left clavicle and the horizontal level of the upper surface of the acromial end of the right clavicle. Shoulder asymmetry was defined as any value of this distance greater than 1 cm. First rib asymmetry was assessed by the FRI. FRI is the difference between left and right 1st rib radius, measured from the centre of the vertebra of the corresponding level (usually T2) to the most distal point of the rib arch.
Results
We found shoulder height differences in 23 of 73 radiographs (31% of cases), 7 having the right and 16 the left shoulder higher, with a mean difference of 0,4 cm [(-)2,0 - (+) 3,0 cm]. The mean value of the First Rib Index (FRI) turned out to be 0,001 cm [(-)0,4 - (+)1,1 cm]. In 53 cases with FRI < 0.5 cm, 15 had shoulder asymmetry (28%), while in 20 cases with FRI > 0,5 cm, 8 had shoulder asymmetry (40%).
Conclusion
Shoulder asymmetry in Idiopathic Scoliosis is usually related to the presence of a Proximal Thoracic Curve. An interesting observation is that 31% of people without scoliosis may have shoulder asymmetry >1 cm. It appears that beside scoliosis, there maybe other factors resulting in such shoulders asymmetries. This shoulder difference seems to be related to some degree to first rib asymmetry assessed by FRI, a finding also related to idiopathic scoliosis.
References
Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke KM, Bridwell KH: Correlation of Radiographic, Clinical, and Patient Assessment of Shoulder Balance Following Fusion Versus Nonfusion of the Proximal Thoracic Curve in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine. 2002, 27 (18): 2013-2020. 10.1097/00007632-200209150-00009.
Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Won DS, Graham EJ, Sweet FA, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM: Spontaneous Proximal Thoracic Curve Correction After Isolated Fusion of the Main Thoracic Curve in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine. 2001, 26: 1966-1975. 10.1097/00007632-200109150-00006.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Sekouris, N., Smyrnis, P. First rib asymmetry and shoulder imbalance – assessment of first rib index (FRI) in thoracic X-rays of people without scoliosis. Scoliosis 4 (Suppl 1), O10 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-7161-4-S1-O10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-7161-4-S1-O10