Lateral spinal radiographs help create an accurate Risser sign grading

Background

The Risser sign quantifies the ossification of the iliac crest in order to assess the remaining spinal growth. The clinical value of the Risser sign has been questioned for its inaccuracy. Estimation of the Risser sign based on the lateral spinal radiograph has not been reported.

Purpose

To evaluate the relevance of the lateral spinal radiograph as a tool for a more accurate Risser sign grading.

Methods

Cross sectional analysis of spinal frontal and lateral radiographs of 201 girls with idiopathic scoliosis, aged 14.6 ± 2.2 years. The ossification of the posterior part of the iliac apophysis was quantified on the lateral spinal view at four grades: absent (A), partial (B), complete (C) or fused (D). The position of the posterior superior iliac spine was studied on both views as well as in pelvic specimens.

Results

The posterior one-third portion of the iliac apophysis, sagittally oriented and obscured by the sacroiliac junction, could be studied on the lateral radiograph. This revealed a modified quantification of the apophysis excursion in 58 of 201 (29%) patients. To compare the frontal view, both advanced and/or delayed ossification were assessed with the Lateral Modifiers. Twenty-five percent of the patients at Risser 0, 1 or 2 demonstrated simultaneous ossification of both anterior and posterior parts of the iliac crest.

Conclusion

• 1. Currently used Risser sign grading does not consider the actual excursion of the iliac apophysis. Because the apophysis is posterior and medial to the sacroiliac junction, it is not observed.

• 2. Iliac apophysis excursion can be accurately estimated, when the lateral spinal radiograph is analyzed and Lateral Modifiers A through D are considered.