Table 12 Comparison of Beighton, Carter and Wilkinson, Bulbena and Marshall scales for diagnosis of joint hypermobility
From: Joint hypermobility in children with idiopathic scoliosis: SOSORT award 2011 winner
Criterion | Beighton | Carter and Wilkinson [29] | Bulbena [36] | Marshall[35] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Thumb abduction | 1a | 1 | 1 | Grade I through V |
Elbow hyperextension > 10° | 1a | 1 | 1 | |
Fifth finger extension > 90° in MCP joint | 1a | 1 passive hyperextension of II-V fingers parallel to the forearm | 1 | |
Knee hyperextension > 10° | 1a | 1 | ||
Foot dorsiflexion | 1 (> 45°) | 1 (> 20°) | ||
Palms flat on floor | 1 | |||
Passive shoulder external rotation > 85° | 1 | |||
Knee flexion allows the heel to make contact with the buttocks | 1 | |||
Passive shift of the patella to the lateral side of the tibia | ||||
Passive hip abduction > 85° | 1 | |||
Hyperextension of MTP joints of the first finger > 90° | 1 | |||
Appearance of ecchymoses after hardly noticed minimal trauma | 1 | |||
Total score | 9 | 5 | 10 | I-V |
Number of point for diagnosis | 7 [32] | 3 [29] | female ≥5, male ≥4 [36] |