Table 3 Comparison of means for DIERS-reported values (DRV) and standard average values (SAV) for each parameter
From: Appraisal of the DIERS method for calculating postural measurements: an observational study
Spine shape parameter by subgroup | Mannequin | Human participants | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean DRV | Mean SAV | Absolute difference | Change (%) | Mean DRV | Mean SAV | Absolute difference | Change (%) | |
Localization and distance | ||||||||
Trunk length VP-DM, mm | 426.95 (1.23) | 426.98 (1.09) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 463.35 (33.38) | 465.83 (33.06) | 2.48 | 0.53 |
Trunk length VP-SP, mm | 462.34 (4.92) | 462.47 (2.28) | 0.13 | 0.03 | 511.31 (35.03) | 514.68 (33.69) | 3.37 | 0.65 |
Trunk length VP-SP, % | 108.30 (1.12) | 108.32 (1.11) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 110.34 (1.81) | 110.49 (1.77) | 0.15 | 0.14 |
Dimple distance, mm | 74.80 (2.94) | 74.88 (1.58) | 0.08 | 0.10 | 95.64 (11.95) | 97.03 (11.06) | 1.40 | 1.44 |
Dimple distance, % | 17.47 (0.69) | 17.49 (0.77) | 0.02 | 0.12 | 20.68 (2.99) | 20.90 (2.98) | 0.22 | 1.03 |
Trunk and pelvis imbalances | ||||||||
Trunk inclination VP-DM, ° | 2.41 (0.36) | 2.42 (0.64) | 0.01 | 0.37 | 3.09 (2.25) | 3.14 (2.31) | 0.05 | 1.55 |
Trunk inclination VP-DM, mm | 18.26 (2.68) | 18.32 (1.74) | 0.06 | 0.33 | 25.49 (18.32) | 25.99 (18.72) | 0.50 | 1.92 |
Trunk imbalance VP-DM, ° | 0.78 (1.21) | 0.78 (1.20) | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.16 (0.85) | 0.11 (0.83) | 0.04 | 37.28 |
Trunk imbalance VP-DM, mm | 5.94 (9.16) | 5.99 (3.29) | 0.05 | 0.75 | 1.32 (7.16) | 1.00 (7.15) | 0.32 | 31.49 |
Pelvic tilt DL-DR, ° | −2.25 (2.21) | −2.26 (1.67) | 0.01 | 0.50 | −0.11 (3.39) | 0.02 (3.46) | 0.13 | 719.76 |
Pelvic tilt DL-DR, mm | −2.98 (2.90) | −3.00 (1.91) | 0.02 | 0.61 | 0.00 (5.78) | 0.17 (5.91) | 0.17 | 100.61 |
Pelvic torsion DL-DR, ° | 4.93 (0.71) | 4.93 (0.89) | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.16 (2.70) | −0.17 (2.51) | 0.33 | 195.92 |
Pelvic inclination dimples, ° | 36.47 (1.02) | 36.40 (0.91) | 0.07 | 0.18 | 19.06 (7.38) | 17.88 (5.97) | 1.18 | 6.59 |
Rotation correction pelvis, ° | 6.18 (1.47) | 6.21 (0.91) | 0.03 | 0.47 | 0.07 (3.14) | −0.32 (2.75) | 0.40 | 123.16 |
Spinal reference points | ||||||||
Inflection point ICT, mm | 17.95 (2.25) | 17.92 (1.68) | 0.03 | 0.16 | 5.13 (10.40) | 4.27 (10.15) | 0.87 | 20.32 |
Kyphotic apex, mm | −81.19 (21.17) | −80.64 (4.64) | 0.55 | 0.68 | −183.81 (36.58) | −190.79 (24.53) | 6.98 | 3.66 |
Inflection point ITL, mm | −257.38 (2.20) | −257.29 (1.46) | 0.09 | 0.03 | −307.74 (36.01) | −311.38 (34.68) | 3.64 | 1.17 |
Lordotic apex, mm | −326.82 (4.25) | −326.74 (2.23) | 0.08 | 0.02 | −384.56 (35.82) | −388.31 (33.38) | 3.75 | 0.97 |
Inflection point ILS, mm | −420.35 (3.59) | −420.23 (2.13) | 0.12 | 0.03 | −460.46 (42.03) | −463.06 (42.21) | 2.60 | 0.56 |
Fleche cervicale, mm | 33.11 (1.58) | 33.09 (1.28) | 0.02 | 0.06 | 71.08 (19.67) | 73.69 (17.61) | 2.61 | 3.54 |
Fleche lombaire, mm | 27.14 (1.77) | 27.16 (1.40) | 0.02 | 0.06 | 36.62 (12.62) | 37.24 (12.73) | 0.62 | 1.67 |
Fleche cervicale VP, mm | 9.25 (0.93) | 9.31 (0.99) | 0.07 | 0.70 | 45.32 (16.71) | 47.71 (14.29) | 2.40 | 5.03 |
Spinal curve measurements | ||||||||
Kyphotic angle ICT-ITL, ° | 35.13 (0.72) | 35.13 (0.84) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 47.23 (9.35) | 48.10 (9.05) | 0.87 | 1.81 |
Kyphotic angle VP-ITL, ° | 31.53 (0.78) | 31.55 (0.87) | 0.02 | 0.08 | 45.33 (8.95) | 46.27 (8.61) | 0.94 | 2.03 |
Kyphotic angle VP-T12, ° | 31.47 (0.76) | 31.50 (0.88) | 0.03 | 0.08 | 41.87 (8.44) | 42.54 (8.44) | 0.68 | 1.59 |
Lordotic angle ITL-ILS, ° | 46.11 (0.63) | 46.15 (0.78) | 0.04 | 0.09 | 36.26 (8.53) | 35.59 (8.35) | 0.67 | 1.88 |
Lordotic angle ITL-DM, ° | 45.27 (1.08) | 45.29 (1.05) | 0.03 | 0.06 | 34.32 (8.77) | 33.57 (8.53) | 0.75 | 2.24 |
Lordotic angle T12-DM, ° | 45.24 (1.10) | 45.26 (1.06) | 0.02 | 0.05 | 30.86 (9.27) | 29.84 (8.74) | 1.02 | 3.41 |
Pelvic inclination, ° | 39.36 (0.50) | 39.34 (0.68) | 0.03 | 0.07 | 21.05 (8.74) | 19.84 (7.49) | 1.21 | 6.11 |
Spinal deviation | ||||||||
Surface rotation RMS, ° | 4.56 (0.24) | 4.56 (0.44) | 0.00 | 0.02 | 3.74 (1.24) | 3.75 (1.37) | 0.01 | 0.23 |
Surface rotation, ° | 11.26 (0.49) | 11.28 (0.70) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 2.35 (7.23) | 1.79 (7.20) | 0.57 | 31.68 |
Surface rotation right, ° | 11.26 (0.49) | 11.28 (0.70) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 5.97 (3.51) | 5.61 (3.43) | 0.36 | 6.41 |
Surface rotation left, ° | −2.20 (0.80) | −2.23 (0.89) | 0.04 | 1.78 | −4.38 (2.71) | −4.55 (2.93) | 0.18 | 3.85 |
Surface rotation amplitude, ° | 13.49 (0.80) | 13.57 (0.99) | 0.08 | 0.60 | 10.38 (3.05) | 10.20 (3.04) | 0.18 | 1.78 |
Trunk torsion, ° | 12.08 (0.96) | 12.06 (1.41) | 0.02 | 0.18 | 3.96 (4.35) | 3.35 (3.89) | 0.61 | 18.11 |
Lateral deviation RMS, mm | 4.51 (2.11) | 4.50 (1.10) | 0.01 | 0.23 | 5.53 (2.92) | 5.59 (2.97) | 0.06 | 0.99 |
Lateral deviation, mm | 7.39 (1.33) | 7.36 (1.36) | 0.02 | 0.33 | 3.87 (10.05) | 3.63 (10.28) | 0.25 | 6.79 |
Lateral deviation right, mm | 7.39 (2.08) | 7.36 (1.36) | 0.02 | 0.33 | 7.86 (5.60) | 7.88 (5.76) | 0.02 | 0.25 |
Lateral deviation left, mm | −1.16 (0.43) | −1.19 (0.57) | 0.03 | 2.90 | −4.73 (4.11) | −5.01 (4.13) | 0.27 | 5.45 |
Lateral deviation amplitude, mm | 8.59 (1.81) | 8.60 (1.27) | 0.01 | 0.15 | 12.64 (5.34) | 12.93 (5.43) | 0.29 | 2.27 |