Table 2 Study characteristics, reliability, validity and SEM data of included studies
Non-radiographic method | Study | Index test variable | Sample | Age | Methodology description | Reliability test variable | Statistical measure | Statistical value | SEM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spinal Mouse | Topalidou et al. 2014 | C7-S1 Angular trunk inclination | 50 adults with back pain. | 58.4 ± 13.4 years | Examined by1 rater on 2 separate occasions, 30 min apart | Intra-rater | ICC | 0.845 | 0.8° |